{"id":628,"date":"2013-05-27T16:36:21","date_gmt":"2013-05-27T14:36:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/lyonbondyblog.fr\/LBB\/?p=628"},"modified":"2013-10-27T17:00:12","modified_gmt":"2013-10-27T16:00:12","slug":"la-banalite-du-mal-en-salle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lyonbondyblog.fr\/LBB\/la-banalite-du-mal-en-salle\/","title":{"rendered":"La banalit\u00e9 du mal en salle"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hannah Arendt n’est peut-\u00eatre pas le film auquel on pense spontan\u00e9ment si l’on veut se distraire. Il n’est peut \u00eatre pas le film auquel on pense tout court. Pourtant il traite d’une question d’actualit\u00e9 br\u00fblante, celle de la banalit\u00e9 du mal.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"hannah_ardendt\"<\/a><\/p>\n

A propos d’Hannah Arendt…<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pour ceux qui n’auraient que vaguement entendu ce nom, Hannah Arendt est certainement la plus grande philosophe du 20\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. Elle dirait elle-m\u00eame qu’elle enseignait la th\u00e9orie politique et non qu’elle \u00e9tait philosophe.
\nN\u00e9e en 1906, de nationalit\u00e9 allemande, de confession juive, elle devient tr\u00e8s jeune l’\u00e9l\u00e8ve d’Heidegger, grand ma\u00eetre \u00e0 penser de l’\u00e9poque, avec qui elle entretiendra une relation qui d\u00e9passe l’entendement. En 1933 elle est contrainte de fuir l’Allemagne et se r\u00e9fugie en France, mais l’avanc\u00e9e allemande traverse les fronti\u00e8res et elle se retrouve intern\u00e9e dans un camp de concentration du sud ouest de la France. Elle parvient \u00e0 fuir pour finalement atterrir quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Elle deviendra d’ailleurs citoyenne am\u00e9ricaine et enseignera les sciences politiques dans les plus prestigieuses universit\u00e9s du pays.
\nAu d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1960, elle est charg\u00e9e par The New Yorker de suivre le proc\u00e8s, qui va durer 10 mois, d’un c\u00e9l\u00e8bre nazi, Eichmann, accus\u00e9 d’avoir eu un r\u00f4le pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rant et contribu\u00e9 en toute connaissance de cause \u00e0 la solution finale.
\nApr\u00e8s le proc\u00e8s, elle publie Eichmann \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem. Ce livre provoque une grande pol\u00e9mique. C’est de cette part de sa vie que traite le film.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Une \u0153uvre critique victime de l’incompr\u00e9hension<\/strong><\/p>\n

Hannah semble profond\u00e9ment lasse et triste. Comme \u00e0 chaque sc\u00e8ne durant tout le film, elle appara\u00eet dans la premi\u00e8re sc\u00e8ne avec une cigarette au bec. A quoi pense-t-elle? Peut-\u00eatre \u00e0 l’incompr\u00e9hension des masses qui fustig\u00e8rent et d\u00e9form\u00e8rent son \u0153uvre sans m\u00eame l’avoir lue et virent en elle un monstre insensible et arrogant alors qu’elle \u00e9tait tout le contraire.<\/p>\n

C’est une femme tr\u00e8s brillante, courageuse, franche et t\u00e9m\u00e9raire. Alors que le proc\u00e8s du nazi Eichmann va s’ouvrir \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem, elle \u00e9crit \u00e0 la r\u00e9daction du New Yorker pour le couvrir.
\nDurant le proc\u00e8s, elle se retrouve en face d’un individu auquel elle ne s’attendait pas: \u00ab\u00a0il ne faut pas confondre l’inimaginable cruaut\u00e9 d’un homme et sa m\u00e9diocrit\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le mal vient de l’absence de pens\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong><\/p>\n

Eichmann n’est pas le monstre qu’elle pensait, il est au contraire un individu \u00a0\u00bbinsignifiant, normal\u00a0\u00bb qui n’\u00e9tait pas m\u00eame antis\u00e9mite mais se contentait d’ob\u00e9ir aux ordres d’une hi\u00e9rarchie pour laquelle il aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00eat \u00e0 abattre jusque son propre p\u00e8re s’il l’avait trahie. L’homme qu’il est, comme il le dit lui m\u00eame, est le produit d’un contexte historique ; il n’a fait qu’\u00eatre fid\u00e8le au Reich et nie donc son implication directe dans les crimes contre l’humanit\u00e9. Il n’\u00e9tait qu’un rouage de la machine et ne se sentait pas responsable de ce qui se passait en dehors de la t\u00e2che administrative qu’il effectuait.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s plusieurs mois de proc\u00e8s, Hannah se met au travail et entame la r\u00e9daction d’Eichmann \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem. Il s’agit pour elle, au travers de ce proc\u00e8s, d’\u00e9clairer sous un nouveau jour les origines du mal. \u00ab\u00a0Le mal vient de l’absence de pens\u00e9e.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Certains leaders juifs coop\u00e9raient aux atrocit\u00e9s nazis<\/strong><\/p>\n

La parution de ses articles sur le proc\u00e8s, puis l’\u00e9dition du livre cr\u00e9ent une immense pol\u00e9mique au sein de la communaut\u00e9 internationale et pas seulement juive. D’une part parce qu’elle met le doigt sur la banalit\u00e9 de l’individu qui a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e9alisation de telles atrocit\u00e9s et d’autre part parce qu’elle parle de la contribution de certains chefs juifs au processus d’extermination de leur peuple.
\nElle subit alors de virulentes critiques, menaces et pressions ext\u00e9rieures qui l’affectent mais ne la font pas tomber. Elle se d\u00e9fend jusqu’au bout de ces fausses accusations. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’aide de son mari et \u00e0 sa grande force, elle affronte avec honneur et panache la malveillance et l’incompr\u00e9hension g\u00e9n\u00e9rales, m\u00eame de ses propres amis.<\/p>\n

Elle dira \u00e0 ses \u00e9l\u00e8ves:
\n\u00ab\u00a0Depuis Socrate et Platon, la pens\u00e9e est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un dialogue silencieux entre soi et soi-m\u00eame. Si le dialogue n’a pas lieu, l’individu perd ce qui le caract\u00e9rise, il ne se pose alors pas la question de ce qui est moral ou ne l’est pas.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hannah Arendt n’est peut-\u00eatre pas le film auquel on pense spontan\u00e9ment si l’on veut se distraire. Il n’est peut \u00eatre pas le film auquel on … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":629,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[1952,217,11,218],"class_list":["post-628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture","tag-culture","tag-etats-unis","tag-france-2","tag-hannah-arendt"],"yoast_head":"\nLa banalit\u00e9 du mal en salle - Lyon Bondy Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lyonbondyblog.fr\/LBB\/la-banalite-du-mal-en-salle\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La banalit\u00e9 du mal en salle - Lyon Bondy Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hannah Arendt n’est peut-\u00eatre pas le film auquel on pense spontan\u00e9ment si l’on veut se distraire. 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