{"id":35736,"date":"2025-04-28T12:26:33","date_gmt":"2025-04-28T10:26:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lyonbondyblog.fr\/LBB\/?p=35736"},"modified":"2025-06-09T02:17:16","modified_gmt":"2025-06-09T00:17:16","slug":"frantz-fanon-psychiatre-des-damnes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lyonbondyblog.fr\/LBB\/frantz-fanon-psychiatre-des-damnes\/","title":{"rendered":"Frantz Fanon, psychiatre des \u00ab damn\u00e9s \u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

En 2025, l\u2019un des grandes figures de l\u2019anticolonialisme aurait eu 100 ans. Le film biographique Fanon dresse le portrait d\u2019un psychiatre disruptif qui a \u0153uvr\u00e9 pour am\u00e9liorer les conditions des patients nord-africains et milit\u00e9 pour l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance alg\u00e9rienne.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00ab Il avait 50 ans d’avance sur le traitement en psychiatrie<\/em> \u00bb assure Annie Celdran. La copr\u00e9sidente de l’association Dialogues, liens et bien-vivre animait ce 25 avril une rencontre autour du biopic sur le m\u00e9decin martiniquais qui a fait de la d\u00e9fense des ali\u00e9n\u00e9s son cheval de bataille. Vendredi soir, le Com\u0153dia affichait complet pour la toute derni\u00e8re coproduction entre la France, le Qu\u00e9bec et le Luxembourg. Sign\u00e9e par le r\u00e9alisateur guadeloup\u00e9en Jean-Claude Barny, elle est sortie en France ce 2 avril, avec seulement 70 copies. \u00ab L\u00e0, on est presque \u00e0 200<\/em>, s\u2019enorgueillit Mehdi Senoussi, qui y joue le personnage d\u2019Hocine, et distribu\u00e9es dans plus de 25 pays<\/em> \u00bb. Au d\u00e9but du mois, l\u2019acteur d\u2019origine alg\u00e9rienne participait \u00e0 un \u00e9v\u00e9nement similaire au cin\u00e9ma G\u00e9rard Philippe de V\u00e9nissieux, la ville qui l\u2019a vu grandir. Il ne s\u2019attendait pas \u00e0 ce que le distributeur Eurozoom annonce 100 000 entr\u00e9es trois semaines plus tard.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
De gauche \u00e0 droite, Annie Celdran, Farouk Ababsa et Mehdi Senoussi, les trois intervenants de la rencontre au Com\u0153dia.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

A l\u2019occasion du centenaire de la naissance de Fanon, l\u2019\u0153uvre retrace avant tout le passage du docteur \u00e0 Blida, qu\u2019une cinquantaine de kilom\u00e8tres s\u00e9parent d\u2019Alger. Il y d\u00e9couvre le traitement d\u00e9plorable inflig\u00e9 aux patients non europ\u00e9ens de l\u2019h\u00f4pital psychiatrique, dont il prend la t\u00eate de l\u2019une des divisions en 1953. Dans un \u00e9tablissement o\u00f9 r\u00e8gne la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation, ces malades sont apeur\u00e9s, encha\u00een\u00e9s dans l\u2019obscurit\u00e9 et couverts de salet\u00e9. L\u2019arriv\u00e9e de celui que Mehdi d\u00e9crit comme \u00ab un m\u00e9decin noir qui peut changer les choses<\/em> \u00bb suscite de vives hostilit\u00e9s. Il refuse de suivre ces m\u00e9thodes coloniales, ancr\u00e9es dans un \u00ab primitivisme \u00bb racial. Antoine Porot, \u00e9crivait par exemple en 1932 : \u00ab L\u2019indig\u00e8ne nord\u2011africain, dont le cortex c\u00e9r\u00e9bral est peu \u00e9volu\u00e9, est un \u00eatre primitif dont la vie est essentiellement v\u00e9g\u00e9tative<\/em> \u00bb. Fondateur de l\u2019Ecole de psychiatrie d\u2019Alger, il d\u00e9peignait un \u00ab d\u00e9bile hyst\u00e9rique, sujet, de surcro\u00eet, \u00e0 des impulsions homicides impr\u00e9visibles<\/em> \u00bb. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c0 contre-courant<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Le nouveau chef introduit donc la \u00ab psychoth\u00e9rapie institutionnelle \u00bb ou \u00ab socioth\u00e9rapie \u00bb. L\u2019id\u00e9e est \u00ab de (re)construire une vie sociale au sein de l\u2019institution asilaire<\/em> \u00bb pr\u00e9cise l\u2019historien Paul Marquis. Un caf\u00e9 est ouvert, et des activit\u00e9s comme le jardinage ou le football programm\u00e9es. Fanon devient pionnier d\u2019un champ professionnel encore peu ouvert \u00e0 la remise en question. Un travail indissociable de sa lutte contre la colonisation et le racisme, dont il a lui-m\u00eame fait l\u2019exp\u00e9rience dans ses Antilles natales, au sein de l’Arm\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise de la Lib\u00e9ration et lors de ses \u00e9tudes \u00e0 Lyon. C\u2019est \u00e0 bord d\u2019un bus de la capitale rhodanienne, face \u00e0 une petite fille effray\u00e9e, qu\u2019il \u00ab se rend compte, pour la premi\u00e8re fois, qu’il fait peur parce qu’il est noir<\/em> \u00bb note Farouk Ababsa. Pr\u00e9sident de l’association Devoir de m\u00e9moire et r\u00e9conciliation, ainsi que conseiller r\u00e9gional, il raconte : \u00ab d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de la guerre d’Alg\u00e9rie, Fanon s’engage aupr\u00e8s de la r\u00e9sistance nationaliste<\/em> \u00bb. Il \u00ab noue des contacts avec certains officiers de l\u2019ALN et de la direction du FLN <\/em>\u00bb poursuit le dernier des invit\u00e9s de la soir\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Hocine (\u00e0 gauche) et Frantz Fanon (\u00e0 droite) \u00e0 l’h\u00f4pital psychiatrique de Blida. \u00a9<\/strong> Eurozoom<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

A Blida, m\u00eame refrain discriminatoire. Le premier Alg\u00e9rien qui l\u2019y accueille le prend pour un employ\u00e9 assistant sa femme, Josie. Et il ne faudra que quelques jours au soignant antillais pour croiser le chemin de deux pieds-noirs bien loin de dissimuler leur m\u00e9pris. A partir de ses exp\u00e9riences, comme celles de ses patients, il \u00e9crira Les Damn\u00e9s de la terre<\/em>. Sur les fauteuils rouges de cette salle de cin\u00e9ma du 7e<\/sup> arrondissement, le public suit un penseur s\u2019effor\u00e7ant de donner vie \u00e0 son plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bre ouvrage. \u00ab La premi\u00e8re chose que l’indig\u00e8ne apprend, c’est \u00e0 rester \u00e0 sa place, \u00e0 ne pas d\u00e9passer les limites<\/em> \u00bb dicte-il \u00e0 sa compagne, dont les doigts fusent sur les touches d\u2019un dactylographe. Le couple, d\u00e9sormais parent, est expuls\u00e9 d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie en 1956, mais l\u2019\u00e9criture continue. Apr\u00e8s Peau noire, masques blancs<\/em> et L’An V de la r\u00e9volution alg\u00e9rienne<\/em>, ce sera le dernier livre d\u2019un homme emport\u00e9 \u00e0 36 ans par la leuc\u00e9mie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Un cin\u00e9ma vecteur de m\u00e9moire<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Jean-Claude Barny a fait le pari de \u00ab m\u00e9langer le thriller avec le biopic<\/em> \u00bb r\u00e9v\u00e8le Mehdi. Un \u00ab parti pris<\/em> \u00bb qui explique les quelques incoh\u00e9rences historiques pouvant \u00eatre reproch\u00e9es \u00e0 ce film biographique. L\u2019objectif n\u2019\u00e9tait pas de produire un documentaire, mais bien une \u0153uvre m\u00ealant fiction et r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Les paysages \u00e0 couper le souffle port\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cran n\u2019ont d\u2019ailleurs pas \u00e9t\u00e9 captur\u00e9s en Alg\u00e9rie, mais en Tunisie. \u00ab On n’avait pas eu les autorisations \u00e0 ce moment\u2011l\u00e0<\/em> \u00bb justifiera l\u2019interpr\u00e8te d\u2019Hocine. Fanon<\/em>, c\u2019est plus de deux heures de visuels captivants, avec une palette de couleurs et des plans m\u00fbrement r\u00e9fl\u00e9chis. On en ressort avec un v\u00e9ritable coup de c\u0153ur : la bande originale du compositeur Thibault Kientz-Agyeman, une alliance entre la trompette jazz de Ludovic Louis et des sonorit\u00e9s traditionnelles maghr\u00e9bines. <\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"
Josie Fanon et son mari. \u00a9<\/strong> Eurozoom<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Une fois les lumi\u00e8res rallum\u00e9es, de nombreux spectateurs ont pu prendre la parole et interroger les intervenants. \u00ab Moi, je suis v\u00e9nissian, et aujourd’hui je suis fier que sur un mur de V\u00e9nissieux, il y ait le portrait de Frantz Fanon<\/em> \u00bb s\u2019\u00e9mouvait l\u2019un d\u2019entre eux, saluant la fresque du plasticien anglo-sud-africain Bruce Clarke inaugur\u00e9e en 2015. Une autre main se l\u00e8ve, dans une rang\u00e9e du fond : \u00ab Le 1er juillet prochain, il va y avoir l’inauguration d’une place Frantz Fanon, dans le 1er arrondissement de Lyon<\/em> \u00bb ajoute l\u2019homme au micro. Pour Farouk, le cin\u00e9ma se doit d\u2019\u00eatre un \u00ab vecteur tr\u00e8s important<\/em> \u00bb de la m\u00e9moire. \u00ab La France se regarde en faisant face \u00e0 ses pages sombres et ses pages glorieuses, on ne peut pas aujourd’hui se projeter si on oublie l’histoire \u00bb <\/em>insiste-t-il. Le collectif qu\u2019il pr\u00e9side comm\u00e9morera la semaine prochaine les massacres de Guelma, Kherrata et S\u00e9tif du 8 mai 1945, date o\u00f9 l’Europe c\u00e9l\u00e9brait la fin de la guerre. Givors, Vaulx-en-Velin, Villeurbanne, V\u00e9nissieux et Lyon accueilleront plusieurs films, r\u00e9alisateurs et com\u00e9diens alg\u00e9riens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Article sign\u00e9 par Cecilia Adrian Tonetti<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

En 2025, l\u2019un des grandes figures de l\u2019anticolonialisme aurait eu 100 ans. Le film biographique Fanon dresse le portrait d\u2019un psychiatre disruptif qui a \u0153uvr\u00e9 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35738,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"\u00a9 Eurozoom","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[11249,3,3536,2],"tags":[11264,1603,2232,435,97,22297,2317,33,1043,528,1681,381,1737,27054,1070,13735,2124,825,320,834,10424,42],"class_list":["post-35736","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-art","category-culture","category-racisme","category-societe","tag-7eme-arrondissement-de-lyon","tag-afrique","tag-antiracisme","tag-association","tag-cinema","tag-colonie","tag-ecrivain","tag-film","tag-guerre-dalgerie","tag-hopitaux-psychiatriques","tag-intellectuel","tag-livre","tag-maghreb","tag-medecin","tag-militant","tag-militantisme","tag-psychiatrie","tag-racisme","tag-rencontre","tag-sante","tag-tournage","tag-venissieux"],"yoast_head":"\nFrantz Fanon, psychiatre des \u00ab damn\u00e9s \u00bb - Lyon Bondy Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lyonbondyblog.fr\/LBB\/frantz-fanon-psychiatre-des-damnes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Frantz Fanon, psychiatre des \u00ab damn\u00e9s \u00bb - Lyon Bondy Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"En 2025, l\u2019un des grandes figures de l\u2019anticolonialisme aurait eu 100 ans. 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